Frame construction for windows, doors, and the like



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.J. F. AULD FRAME CONSTRUCTION FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND THE LIKE Filed March 5. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 [a f'l t'] l I 'fh h l bl| g an EAu/d.

, INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patcmteclv July 8, 1924 UNITED STATES JOHN F. AULD, OF SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA.

FRAME CONSTRUCTION FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND THE LIKE.

Application filed March 5, 1923. Serial No. 822,839.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. AULD', a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Santa Monica, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Frame Constructions for Windows, Doors, and the like, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the provision of frames for windows,vdoors and other openingsin buildings, and likewise pertains to allied forms and structures, such as window sills, mantels, pillars, posts, pilasters and the like.

This invention has for its principal object the provision of structures of the above mentioned generalcharacter of reduced first costs and greater strength and longer life.

Another important object of the invention is the provision of structures of the above character that are light in weight, consistent with strength, and which are adaptable to the provision of artistic as well as durable finishes, colorings and the like.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide structures of the above character that maybe readily moulded'with the aid of simple forms and moulds, of materials, such as concrete, magnesite, cement, plasters and the like.

It will be understood in the consideration of my invention that window and door frames particularly, due to the manner in which they are applied to partially finished buildings, are required to be in sections, as for instance, in the case of window frames which ordinarily comprise two vertical side elements, known as jambs, a transverse top element, known as the head, and a bottom transverse member, known as the sill; to completely encompass and retain the window sashes. i

It is therefore another objecttoprovide a construction for window frames 'and the like, whereby the aforesaid elements comprising it may be separately moulded and shipped, and may be assembled in place on the job inthe same manner as usual wooden structures.

Since in all instances, and particularly in the case of frame buildings and walls, it is most expedient to employ common nails as means for fastening the parts together and to the building, it is another object of my invention to provide a construction whereby nails may be employed without. detriment to parts moulded from cement and the like.

Another object of my invention is to provide a construction well capable of insulating against cold and moisture, and adapted to be installed in frame, stone, brick or concrete structures in a manner to provide airtight and moist-proof joints. y

Another object of the invention is to provide for employing structures of the aforementioned types moulded of concrete, where occasionrequires, such as in the case of concrete buildings where durability and tight construction is preferred to ornamental effects. I

Still another object of the invention is the provision of means whereby eficient partings, stops, weight pulleys, hinges,

anchors, plates and the like may be moorporated in the moulded structure, or added to the structure after moulding, as occasion requires or necessity demands.

' Still further objects of my invention will appear or be specifically set forth hereinafter.

I have illustrated by the accompanying drawings preferred embodiments of typical structures to which my invention is applicable, and said drawings show the salient features of the invention. I do not limit myself, however, to the construction shown, and it will be apparent hereinafter that my invention is applicable to many other structures not shown or mentioned, and there-' fore I may employ'any construction I desire, or apply my invention to other structures, without departing from the spirit of my invention, within the appended claims.

In the said drawings,

Figure 1, is a view mainly in front elevae tion of a window frame constructed in conformance with, and embodying some of the. salient features of my invention; parts be ing shown broken away to show the manner in which the separate parts making up the frame, are nailed, or may be otherwlse joined together.

Figure 2, is a view in vertical section of "one of the jambs; this section being also substantially typical of the head of a window frame.

Figure 3 is a view in section seen on line 33 of Fig. 1.

Figure 1, is a view in section seen on a line H of Fig. 1, showing a preferred construction of the sill of the window frame shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 5, is a view in horizontal section of preferred construction of the jamb of a door frame, illustrating its relation to the studding of a frame building.

Figure 6, is a view in section of a frame element partially fabricated and ready for moulding.

Figure is a View in section of a mould, such as is employed in the manufacture of the product.

Figure 8, is a View in section of a column or post constructed in conformance with my invention.

More specifically, reference being had particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in carrying out my invention as applied to window frames, I provide a pair of spaced jambs 8, a head 9, and a sill 10, each manufactured apart from the others, and assembled in the arrangement shown, directly on the job.

The construction and method of manufacturing the head being the same as that of manufacturing either the jamb or the sill, as preferred. I will first describe the structure and manufacture of the j amb, and then describe the structure and manufacture of the sill.

The jamb includes essentially two end reenforcing elements 12 and 13, preferably blocks of ordinary grades of wood, a hollow form of paper 14, a layer 15 of suitably porous metal, such as expanded metal lath, over the paper, and a reenforcing element 16, preferably in the form of a light board of ordinary grade lumber.

In assembling the above enumerated parts in manufacture, the preferred procedure is to mitre the two blocks of wood, as at 17, and nail or otherwise fasten them with the mitred ends outermost to the board 16. The paper cut to a rectangular form of proper dimensions is then shaped over the end blocks and properly secured at the opposite ends of the blocks, and its edges 18 are disposed adjacent to or in abutment with the board 16. Thus a light weight hollow form is provided which completely encloses a void or air space 19. Said air space, particularly since it is encompassed solely by poor conductors of heat, such as wood and paper, provides for the finished product being an excellent barrier to cold and moisture.

Next, the paper and wood form is encompassed on all four sides by the layer 15 of suitably porous metal; expanded metal lath being preferred.

The metal, wood and paper form is now inserted in the mould shown in Fig. 7, in a manner hereinafter described so that it is completely encompassed with cement to the required thickness and so that the finished article is of the required outline.

The jamb in the embodiment shown is formed with a smooth back wall 20, an inside wall 21 which is stepped, as at 22, for strength and ornamental purposes, and a similar outside wall 23. The fourth wall against which the window sashes 24'. and 24: abut, and upon which they are slidable, is provided with an inside sash stop 26, an outside blind stop 27 (when required) and a parting sto 28. Since it will be referable, of course, to employ wooden sash frames, the stops 26 and 28 are each formed of Wood to resist abrasion. Parting stop 28 when formed of wood is inserted in a recess 29, moulded directly in the jamb, and the stop may be secured by nails or inserted in the moulds so as to be incorporated directly in the structure. If preferred, however, the parting stop may be formed of cement and comprises an integral part of the jamb in the same manner as the blind stop. The inside stop may be secured to the jamb by brads or nails 31, and is provided with the usual rounded edge 30 for ornamental purposes.

It should be explained at this point that by using commonly employed mixtures, such as magnesite cements, that wooden and like additions are easily nailed to the amb, since magnesite cements and other well known compositions readily receive and hold nails without fracturing.

In assembling a pair of jambs and a head the mitred surfaces of the blocks are placed in abutment and may be secured together by common nails 32, in the same manner that wooden mitred frames are generally secured. Obviously, bythe provision of the wooden blocks at each end cf each element, square joints may be used instead of mitred joints and may be nailed or otherwise secured, readily, by those skilled in the art.

Adjacent the lower end of each jamb I provide a rectangular opening for the in sertion of the window weight, and it will be seen that the enclosed space 19 serves as a weight pocket as well. Adjacent the upper end of each jamb a pair of small openings 33 are provided, and into these openings pulley fixtures 33 are inserted and driven into place or cemented, as re quired, to form a part of the jamb structure. After the pulleys and weights are installed in a jamb, a piece of light metal, such as 84: is placed in a shoulder 35 surcunding I tice.

The lower ends 38'. of each jamb are formed to register with the corresponding upper-surface of the-sill, as in'usual pracpaper, metal lath and cement, respectively, and in the order named, and to illustrate a variation in construction the sill is shown without the board used in the jamb. In constructing the form upon which the cement 1s to be applied to make a sill, the end blocks of the sill are spaced a suitable d1s-. tance apartand the paper and metal formed around them.

It will be seen now in carrying out my invention in its application to window frames, I can provide an extremely rigid and light weight frame, lending itself to all the usual ornamentation expedients made possible by the use of moulded material. Also I may manufacture concrete window frames for concrete buildings and may otherwise alter the appearance of window frames to suit individual requirements. By proper design of walls making up the window frame parts, and by use of neat appearing but inexpensive cements, I may greatly reduce the pres ent cost of window frames and like structures.

Referring to Fig. 5, the jamb 40 of a door frame is shown in cross section, and it will be seen that it comprises a board backing, end blocks, a layer of paper and a layer of metal, as in the case of a window jamb. The lower end block as well as the upper end block may be of sufficient length to align with the hinge plates 41, common to one of a pair of door jambs, and said plates may be securely held by sending screws (not shown) through the cement coating and into the block. Such other fixtures as lock plates, etc., may be similarly attached or may be imbedded in the structure in the same manner as the weight pulleys on the window jamb, or may be imbedded directly into the structure in the act of moulding.

The studding of the wall 43, to which the door jamb is secured is indicated by 44.

Obviously the board backing of the amb permits of the jamb being attached securely to the studding by driving nails through the latter to engage the board.

Referring to Figs. 6 and 7, the mould is formed of a single piece of sheet metal properly formed, the mould illustrated being that The sill is made up of the layers-of used for' moulding-a jamb. At each end of the mould, slidable stops 4'5 are provided against which the wooden ends of the partia'lly fabricated products are'pla'ced'in abutment. I When an end is mitred a corresponding stop is inserted in'the mould. By holding the slidable mould stops in close abutment to the wooden ends of the form, cement is-prevented fromr-coating the-extreme end of'the wooden block, and therefore respectivemitred ends of a jamb and head-maybe brought into close contact preparatory to nailing. r

i Tocoat the partially'fabricated-form with cement; the mould is filled to a predetermined depth withcement of proper consistency. The partially fabricated formis inserted in the mould and pressed downward until the board side thereof is just slightly below the edge of the mould. The cement fills all spaces in the mould and the excess is displaced so that it rises and flows over the board. It is then leveled to give the required thickness of layer over the board, and the product is allowed to remain in the mould until the cement has set. Obviously, pressure may be applied to the cement at the top of the mould .to give a denser grained product, if desired.

While the form is being presed into the plastic cement in the mould, and while the cement is setting, the layer of paper prevents cement fiowing into the interior space and thus being wasted.

In Fig. 8 I have shown my invention applied to the construction of hollow posts of any suitable cross section. In carrying out the invention in this form, a tube 46 of paper or the like is formed, and around this I place a layer of metal lath 47 and I propose to cause the lath to adhere to the paper by the use of tar or other suitable coating which I apply to the paper before placing i the lath in position. The paper tube may be left open at the ends and by suitably placing the form in the mould (not shown) partially filled with cement, and by bringing slidable stops into abutment with the open ends of the form, I construct a rigidhollow concrete or cement post in the manner similar to that in constructing the door jamb and other elements previously described.

I claim,

1. In a frame of the character described, a hollow transverse frame element, a pair of spaced vertical hollow cement frame elements, a lower transverse hollow cement frame element, a reenforcingblock of wood in each end of said upper transverse. element; each forming a closure for the respective ends, a reenforcing block of wood in the upper end of each of the said vertical ele ments, and a reenforcing block of wood in each end of the lower transverse frame elements; each forming a closure for the respective end; each end of the upper transverse element capable of being placed in abutment with the upper end of a corresponding vertical element, and each lower end of the said vertical elements capable of being placed in abutment with the respec-- tive end of said lower transverse element.

pable of being placed in abutment with the upper end of a corresponding vertical element.

3. In a window frame, a jamb formed with a sash weight compartment, a layer of pliable material, such as paper, forming a lining for said compartment, a block of pen- I etratable substance, such as wood, forming a closure for one end of said compartment, while reenforclng the 3amb and giving form thereto, a layer of cement over all normally exposed surfaces of said jamb, and means interposed between said cement and paper for retaining said cement with respect thereto.

JOHN E. AULDQ 

